State Capitol
The Texas State Capitol in Austin, Texas is the
fourth such structure to house the legislature and the governor,
designed by Elijah E. Myers in 1881 and built during the years
of 1882 to 1888, with a $75 million underground extension
finished in 1993, and added to the National Register of Historic
Places in 1970 and made a National Historic Landmark during
1986. It rises 308 feet into the Austin sky. The construction of
the Italian renaissance revival style building would be funded
by one of the biggest barter transactions of recorded history,
with the builders of the capitol building being paid more than 3
million acres of public lands in the Panhandle region of the
state that would eventually become the biggest cattle ranch in
the world, the XIT Ranch. A fire occurred in 1983 that killed
one person and sent four firemen and a police officer to the
hospital, with severe damage to the east wing and compromised a
lot of the framing. Restoration wouldn't be completed until
1993, to a state that had existed in 1915, with many changes to
the mechanical and structural systems bringing them up to modern
code. While that renovation took place, the state looked at the
growing lack of space in the capitol and decided that a new wing
would be the best fix, but because of historical and aesthetic
concerns, it was decided to locate the additional space in a
four story underground structure that was also completed by
1993. This expansion houses 667,000 square feet of space, more
than double the original space, without any changes to the looks
of the building's exterior. There are big skylights and three
story atriums throughout the building and a rotunda-like
structure that is exposed to the sky, so that the interior is
lit up quite well and very airy. The rotunda showcases portraits
of every person who served as president of the Republic of Texas
or governor, with the south foyer featuring sculptures of Sam
Houston and Stephen F. Austin that were created by Elisabeth
Ney. This rotunda also has a whispering gallery, with more floor
space than any other capitol in the nation, sitting on 2.25
acres, with almost 400 rooms and over 900 windows. Their granite
monument of the Ten Commandments that had sat on the grounds had
been the topic of a 2005 Supreme Court case, Van Orden v. Perry,
where the monument was challenged as unconstitutional; but the
court ruled that it was in fact, NOT unconstitutional and bravo
for them, since this nation would not be where it is today if
not for the belief in God and his benevolence.
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