Edinburgh
Castle
Edinburgh Castle is a huge fortress that
dominates the skyline of Edinburgh, Scotland, atop the volcanic
Castle Rock, with human habitation at the site going back to the
9th century BC, but that early settlement is unsure and why it
would be built here. There seems to have been a royal castle
located here since the 12th century during the reign of David I,
and it would continue to be used as a royal residence until the
Union of the Crowns in 1603. Since it is one of the most
significant forts in the kingdom of Scotland, the castle has
been included in many historical events and conflicts, from the
Wars of the Scottish Independence in the 14th century, to the
rising of the Jacobite Rising of 1745 and has been besieged on
numerous occasions, both successfully and unsuccessfully. After
the late 17th century, it would become a military base, with a
big garrison, and its historical importance wouldn't be realized
until the 19th century, with a few renovations being
accomplished. Not too many of the current buildings predate the
Lang Siege of the 16th century, with the medieval fortifications
would be destroyed by artillery bombardments, with one very
notable exception being the St. Margaret's Chapel, the oldest
surviving building in the city that dates from the early 12th
century. Other prominent parts of the castle include the Royal
Palace, and the early-16th-century Great Hall. The castle is
also home to the National War Museum of Scotland and the
Scottish National War Memorial. It has become the nation's most
visited paid attraction, and although the garrison left in the
1920s, it still maintains a military presence, but it is mostly
administrative and ceremonial, with a few regimental museums, as
well as becoming an iconic symbol of the city and nation.
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