El Morro
Morro Castle or Fort San Felipe del Morro is a
magnificent 16th century citadel located in Old San Juan, Puerto
Rico that sits on the northwestern most point of the islet of
San Juan, named in honor of King Philip II of Spain and became
known as the el morro or promontory that had been designed to
guard the entry into the San Juan Bay and to defend the city
from the seaborne invaders. In 1983, it would become part of the
world heritage site, with more than 2 million visitors coming
here each year to explore the passageways and windswept
ramparts, that has made this fort one of the main attractions in
the city. The fort would be started in 1539 after the
authorization by King Charles V of Spain, that included the
encompassing walls to protect the city and entrance to the port.
During the next four centuries, numerous additions would be
constructed onto the fort, with the outer walls being built some
12 feet thick. In 1680, Governor Enrique Enriquez de Sotomayor
would start the construction of the city walls that would take
another 48 years to complete, and by the late 18th century, the
walls had become 18 feet thick. It now contains six levels that
rise up from the ocean waters to 145 feet, and along the walls,
there are dome covered sentry boxes called garitas that have
grown into a cultural symbol of the city. In 1843, the El Morro
or Port San Juan lighthouse would be built above the fort,
although it would be replaced by the US military in 1908 with
the present lighthouse. It sits on about 70 acres of land. In
1898, US navy ships would bombard the fort for a solid day,
damaging the tip of the main battery, and six months later, it
would become a US territory by terms of the Treaty of Paris that
ended the Spanish-American War.
|