Superior National Forest
The Superior National Forest can be
found in the Arrowhead region of Minnesota between Canada and the US
border on the north shore of Lake Superior. It is located within the
greater Boundary Waters that parallels the border between the two
great nations, that had become one of the most significant fur
trading routes and exploration period of British North America.
Under the umbrella of the US Forest Service, the national forest
spans 3,900,000 acres of waters, woods and beautiful wild lands,
being multi-used, for recreational and logging activities that
include; fishing, boating and camping. Just over a quarter of the
land space has been preserved as a wilderness reserve area that is
called the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, where canoeists can paddle
along interconnected lakes, rivers and historical portages that was
initially used by the First Nations tribes and then European fur
traders and finally explorers and settlers. The forest is
headquartered in Duluth, Minnesota, but really starts some 50 miles
north of the city, with more than 445,000 acres of waters that
include 2000 rivers and lakes, with 1300 miles of cold water steams
and 950 miles of warm water streams, with the majority of
depressions formed after the glaciers were slowly leaving the
region. It is a raw, hard and beautiful region that goes on for
miles and miles, offering one of the most natural and humanly sparse
areas in the nation that isn't desert or water. Some of the
varieties of trees include; spruce, paper birch, pine, mountain ash,
fir, maple, oak and aspen, with water plants of wild rice and water
lilies. Fish include; brown trout, walleye, rainbow trout, northern
pike, lake trout, smallmouth bass and brook trout with grey or
timber wolves, black bear, white-tailed deer, moose and Canadian
lynx often viewed running wild. On the northern edge of the range
you can often see hummingbirds and close to the southern range you
will see the Canadian jay. The forest houses 163 varieties of
nesting birds, which is the biggest number of any of our national
forests and include numerous raptors and bald eagles, northern
waterfowl and common loons. In June of 2008, the government sold
some 6700 acres to a mining company that was interested in mining
palladium, nickel, copper and platinum.
Lake Superior & Mississippi Railroad
The
Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad (LS&M) was the initial rail
connection between the twin cities and Duluth, beginning in 1863,
when financier, Jay Cooke, chose Duluth to become the northern stop
for a new railroad. Lyman Dayton, who was a local businessman, gave
$10,000 to start the original surveys to the region and would be the
railroad's president until he passed on in 1865. The railroad was
finished in 1870, and paralleled the course of the St. Louis River
to Duluth, and eventually passenger trains would follow the route
back and forth. The company was one of the many victims of the Panic
of 1873, since the company was overextended and had many financial
problems in its commitments to the Northern Pacific Railway company.
In 1877 it had to reorganize and be renamed the St. Paul and Duluth
Railroad and soon folded into the Northern Pacific. The north route
would be relocated and stay in service to the 1930s, but again the
economic depression only made matters worse. In 1981, the Lake
Superior and Mississippi Railroad would be started when the
volunteer Lake Superior Transportation Club incorporated and became
a heritage railroad company that would offer passenger excursions
along the scenic St. Louis River. Much of the new line follows the
right-of-way from the LS&M that was constructed during the 19th
century. Currently, the locomotive that carries the train is a
GE Center cab 50T type industrial switcher that was constructed in
1946 and worked hard until 1984 for the Flambeau Paper Mill in Park
Falls, Wisconsin as a switch engine, and donated to the present
company in 1985. The coaches include the 29 that was constructed in
1912 by the American Car & Foundry for the Duluth, Missabe and Iron
Range Railway and remodeled in 1939 with numerous original fittings
still running perfectly included; the 85 that was also built that
year by the same company and converted to a crew bunk car in a
wrecking train and now has been refitted with seats from a 1950s
coach car. The last car on the train is the safari car that was
constructed by the Siems-Staubel company of St. Paul in 1928 for the
Northern Pacific and donated by the Hollack Dock company to be
transformed into a open air passenger car for the fabulous trips
along the river.