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The
Neues Museum or the New Museum is located in Berlin, Germany,
just north of the Altes Museum on the Museum Island and was
constructed between 1843 and 1855 designed by Friedrich August
Stuler, student of Karl Friedrich Schinkel. It would closed
during WWII in 1939 and then badly damaged during the bombing of
Berlin in 1945, with the reconstruction directed by English
architect David Chipperfield. It officially reopened in October
of 2009 and got a 2010 RIBA European Award for the outstanding
architecture. It houses many Egyptian, prehistory and early
history collections, just as it did before the war, including
the majestic iconic bust of the Egyptian queen Nefertiri. The
museum was the second one to be constructed on Museum Island and
had been the original museum that would house the huge overflow
of artifacts and ancient structures that the Altes Museum
couldn't hold. Some of the collections include ancient Egyptian
artifacts, plaster casts, ethnographic collections, prehistoric
and early historic collections and the massive collection of
engravings and etchings. It is the first museum that housed the
antiquities that are now located in the Ethnological Museum of
Berlin and the Egyptian Museum of Berlin. The Neues is
especially important in regards to the history of construction
and technology with numerous iron constructions, in fact, the
first monumental structure of Prussia to continuously use new
techniques that were made available by industrialization.
Another first involved the use of a steam engine in construction
in the city, used to ram the pilings into the foundation and
since the soft soil that is located around the Spree River
signifies that this method needed the pilings put down deep.
Construction started in 1841, with the initial laborers finding
diatomaceous earth located just beneath the surface, which
necessitated the pilings to be used under the entire structure,
consisting of 2344 wooden foundation piles between 23 and 60
feet long. These pilings had a steam engine drive them in that
ran between 5 and 10 horsepower, as well as running the pumps
that continued to drain the site, elevators and mortar mixing
machines. When the ceremony of laying the cornerstone happened
in 1843, the foundations, cellars, and other in ground work had
already been completed. The museum would eventually open in
1855, with some interior decorations continuing to be worked on
until 1866. It was a long and difficult road, that was
interrupted only by WWII, which ultimately led to the
destruction of much of the museum, which was left to decay for
another long period, with the other museums located here using
the best remaining rooms to house parts of their collections,
until 1986, when the East German government finally began the
reconstruction process, until the fall of the Berlin Wall and
the German reunification that happened afterwards. During that
period that were many pieces of the building lost, especially
the last remains of the Egyptian courtyard. In 1997, David
Chipperfield would become the architect responsible for the
reconstruction of the museum which was a monstrous project. The
costs were staggering, but the results were well worth it as the
antiquities were brought back and installed. It now houses the
Nefertiri bust, the Egyptian museum and papyrus collection and
other works from the period of king Akhenaten. There are other
parts of a significant collection from the stone age and later
prehistoric period from the Museum of Pre- and early history,
magnificently displayed. 
